流体超压作用及与金属矿床成因

Fluid overpressure plays a key role in the formation of metal deposits. This paper presents the first systematic summary of the definitions and types of fluid overpressure, reporting three representative deposits closely associated with this mechanism: the Oulbulage porphyry Cu-Au deposit (Inner Mongolia), the Jinchuan magmatic Cu-Ni-(Pt) sulfide deposit (Gansu Province), and the Wuan Nanminghe iron deposit (Hebei Province). In the Oulbulage deposit, key evidence includes shock-induced textures in anisotropic garnet and phengite paragenetic with sulfides, which formed at 14.5 kbar. For the Jinchuan deposit, evidence includes dense radial fractures within early-formed sulfides and olivine. In the Wuan deposit, evidence comprises radial fractures in early-stage magnetite and plagioclase porphyry with multiple feldspar phenocrysts. Notably, crypto-explosive breccias are widespread in all three deposits. Finally, the authors propose a fluid-overpressure-based mineralization prediction model that could significantly reduce exploration costs, and discuss key scientific challenges and future research directions.