A thermodynamic analysis of end-directed particle flocking in chemical systems

B. De Bari; J. Dixon; J. Pateras; J. Rusling; J. Satterwhite-Warden; A. Vaidya

doi:10.1016/j.cnsns.2021.106107

A thermodynamic analysis of end-directed particle flocking in chemical systems

B. De Bari, J. Dixon, J. Pateras, J. Rusling, J. Satterwhite-Warden, A. Vaidya

Mathematics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

We discuss the thermodynamics behind self-organizing Benzoquinone (BQ) particles on air–water interface. Experiments (Satterwhite-Warden et al., 2015; Chen et al., 2019; Satterwhite-Warden et al., 2019) reveal that BQ particles undergo rapid transient flocking behavior as they move around on the liquid surface. Flocks are seen to vary in size and their formation and stability appears to be dependent upon their shape. It is hypothesized that self organization of particles is a result of surface tension gradients in the two dimensional liquid surface resulting from the slow dissolution of the BQ particles. The current paper uses a mass-action kinetic framework to study the flocking of particles. Two dynamical models, with and without a reservoir, are proposed and analyzed through the thermodynamic lens of free energy, which informs us about dominant and spontaneous ‘reactions’ or flock formations in the system. Results of the model are in good agreement with experiment, revealing that irregular shaped BQ particles do indeed show far greater propensity to form flocks compared with regularly shaped particles and validating the mass-action framework as an appropriate tool to investigate this system.

Original language	English
Article number	106107
Journal	Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation
Volume	106
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2021.106107
State	Published - Mar 2022

Keywords

End-directedness
Flocking
Free energy
Mass-action
Self-organization

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10.1016/j.cnsns.2021.106107

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title = "A thermodynamic analysis of end-directed particle flocking in chemical systems",

abstract = "We discuss the thermodynamics behind self-organizing Benzoquinone (BQ) particles on air–water interface. Experiments (Satterwhite-Warden et al., 2015; Chen et al., 2019; Satterwhite-Warden et al., 2019) reveal that BQ particles undergo rapid transient flocking behavior as they move around on the liquid surface. Flocks are seen to vary in size and their formation and stability appears to be dependent upon their shape. It is hypothesized that self organization of particles is a result of surface tension gradients in the two dimensional liquid surface resulting from the slow dissolution of the BQ particles. The current paper uses a mass-action kinetic framework to study the flocking of particles. Two dynamical models, with and without a reservoir, are proposed and analyzed through the thermodynamic lens of free energy, which informs us about dominant and spontaneous {\textquoteleft}reactions{\textquoteright} or flock formations in the system. Results of the model are in good agreement with experiment, revealing that irregular shaped BQ particles do indeed show far greater propensity to form flocks compared with regularly shaped particles and validating the mass-action framework as an appropriate tool to investigate this system.",

keywords = "End-directedness, Flocking, Free energy, Mass-action, Self-organization",

author = "{De Bari}, B. and J. Dixon and J. Pateras and J. Rusling and J. Satterwhite-Warden and A. Vaidya",

note = "Funding Information: We thank Dr. Bruce Kay and Dr. Dilip Kondepudi for helpful discussions. This work was financially supported by United States National Science Foundation{\textquoteright}s INSPIRE Track 1 Program , Grant No. BCS- 1344725 . Author AV also acknowledges United States National Science Foundation Grant 1802641 . Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2022",

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doi = "10.1016/j.cnsns.2021.106107",

language = "English",

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AU - De Bari, B.

AU - Dixon, J.

AU - Pateras, J.

AU - Rusling, J.

AU - Satterwhite-Warden, J.

AU - Vaidya, A.

N1 - Funding Information: We thank Dr. Bruce Kay and Dr. Dilip Kondepudi for helpful discussions. This work was financially supported by United States National Science Foundation’s INSPIRE Track 1 Program , Grant No. BCS- 1344725 . Author AV also acknowledges United States National Science Foundation Grant 1802641 . Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2022/3

Y1 - 2022/3

N2 - We discuss the thermodynamics behind self-organizing Benzoquinone (BQ) particles on air–water interface. Experiments (Satterwhite-Warden et al., 2015; Chen et al., 2019; Satterwhite-Warden et al., 2019) reveal that BQ particles undergo rapid transient flocking behavior as they move around on the liquid surface. Flocks are seen to vary in size and their formation and stability appears to be dependent upon their shape. It is hypothesized that self organization of particles is a result of surface tension gradients in the two dimensional liquid surface resulting from the slow dissolution of the BQ particles. The current paper uses a mass-action kinetic framework to study the flocking of particles. Two dynamical models, with and without a reservoir, are proposed and analyzed through the thermodynamic lens of free energy, which informs us about dominant and spontaneous ‘reactions’ or flock formations in the system. Results of the model are in good agreement with experiment, revealing that irregular shaped BQ particles do indeed show far greater propensity to form flocks compared with regularly shaped particles and validating the mass-action framework as an appropriate tool to investigate this system.

AB - We discuss the thermodynamics behind self-organizing Benzoquinone (BQ) particles on air–water interface. Experiments (Satterwhite-Warden et al., 2015; Chen et al., 2019; Satterwhite-Warden et al., 2019) reveal that BQ particles undergo rapid transient flocking behavior as they move around on the liquid surface. Flocks are seen to vary in size and their formation and stability appears to be dependent upon their shape. It is hypothesized that self organization of particles is a result of surface tension gradients in the two dimensional liquid surface resulting from the slow dissolution of the BQ particles. The current paper uses a mass-action kinetic framework to study the flocking of particles. Two dynamical models, with and without a reservoir, are proposed and analyzed through the thermodynamic lens of free energy, which informs us about dominant and spontaneous ‘reactions’ or flock formations in the system. Results of the model are in good agreement with experiment, revealing that irregular shaped BQ particles do indeed show far greater propensity to form flocks compared with regularly shaped particles and validating the mass-action framework as an appropriate tool to investigate this system.

KW - End-directedness

KW - Flocking

KW - Free energy

KW - Mass-action

KW - Self-organization

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A thermodynamic analysis of end-directed particle flocking in chemical systems

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Keywords

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