@inproceedings{b3a90aa6cea54f51be90ef7c22393314,
title = "Exploration of Cognitive Engagement Patterns in Online Environments with Multiple External Representations",
abstract = "This study investigates learners' cognitive engagement patterns in an online, self-directed learning environment enriched with multiple external representations. Participants interacted with scaffolded online modules with prompt questions designed based on the Interactive, Constructive, Active, and Passive (ICAP) framework. Data was collected through students' responses to knowledge tests, question prompts, and student-module interaction videos. A diversity in students' engagement patterns was observed which led to different learning outcomes. Findings reveal that constructive responses to prompt questions are associated with improved learning outcomes. Video analyses show that high achievers also engage in careful reading of instructional texts and purposeful simulation manipulation. This study contributes to understanding the nature and diversity of student engagement patterns and informs the effective design of self-directed online environments with multiple representations.",
author = "Man Su and Chi, \{Michelene T.H.\} and Tomohiro Nagashima and Justin Gole and Yue Xin and Jesse Ha",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} ISLS.; 18th International Conference of the Learning Sciences, ICLS 2024 ; Conference date: 10-06-2024 Through 14-06-2024",
year = "2024",
doi = "10.22318/icls2024.530792",
language = "English",
series = "Proceedings of International Conference of the Learning Sciences, ICLS ",
publisher = "International Society of the Learning Sciences (ISLS)",
pages = "194--201",
editor = "Robb Lindgren and Tutaleni Asino and Kyza, \{Eleni A.\} and Chee-Kit Looi and Keifert, \{D. Teo\} and Enrique Suarez",
booktitle = "ISLS Annual Meeting 2024",
}