@article{7a8cc9e0dc2f4925b94602967e9176d9,
title = "Implementation of childhood obesity prevention and control policies in the United States and Latin America: Lessons for cross-border research and practice",
abstract = "Progress has been made in the development and widespread implementation of effective interventions to address childhood obesity, yet important challenges remain. To understand how the United States and Latin American countries achieved success in implementing obesity policies and programs (PAPs) and identify improvement opportunities using implementation science principles. We identified three comparative case studies: (1) front-of-food package labeling (Mexico and Chile); (2) Open Streets/play streets (Colombia and the United States); and (3) the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (Brazil and the United States). Information from multiple sources (e.g., scientific and gray literature and key informant interviews) was synthesized to describe barriers, facilitators, and progress of PAPs across RE-AIM framework dimensions. Evidence-based advocacy along with political will and evidence of scalability and impact were key for successful launch and implementation of all PAPs. Diverse adaptations of PAP design and implementation had to be done across contexts. Stronger process and impact monitoring and evaluation systems that track equity indicators are needed to maximize the population benefits of these PAPs. Implementation science offers an important contribution toward addressing knowledge gaps, enhancing obesity policy dialogue, and producing transferable lessons across the Americas and, therefore, should be used for research and evaluation during PAP development and throughout the implementation and maintenance phases.",
keywords = "childhood obesity, implementation science, Latin America, Latino populations",
author = "Rafael P{\'e}rez-Escamilla and Mireya Vilar-Compte and Elizabeth Rhodes and Sarmiento, {Olga L.} and Camila Corvalan and Rachel Sturke and Susan Vorkoper",
note = "Funding Information: MVC, CC, and RPE led the food labeling case study; OLS and SV the ciclov?as, open streets, and play streets a case study; ER, MVC, and RPE led the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative case study. All authors reviewed and provided substantive feedback to all manuscript sections. RPE was responsible for integrating the first draft of the full manuscript, which was subsequently reviewed multiple times by all authors. ER was supported by grant number K12HL138037 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Rafael P?rez-Escamilla was partially supported by the Cooperative Agreement Number 5 U48DP006380-02-00 funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Prevention Research Center Program through a grant to the Yale School of Public Health (PI Rafael P?rez-Escamilla). Funding Information: MVC, CC, and RPE led the food labeling case study; OLS and SV the ciclov{\'i}as, open streets, and play streets a case study; ER, MVC, and RPE led the Baby‐Friendly Hospital Initiative case study. All authors reviewed and provided substantive feedback to all manuscript sections. RPE was responsible for integrating the first draft of the full manuscript, which was subsequently reviewed multiple times by all authors. ER was supported by grant number K12HL138037 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Funding Information: Adoption and maintenance of the program have been possible through financial support from the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency; however, neighborhoods have to apply to be part of the program, making community buy‐in and leadership a cornerstone of the program. In addition, as part of the implementation plan, there are guidelines for times, frequency, and types of activity that help to promote fidelity across the programs while also allowing neighborhoods to adapt the program to their community's individual needs and interests. Though Dr. Zieff reported that schools and community centers were originally unable to participate, restrictions have been lessened, and the program now encourages partnerships with these other organizations. In addition, it does not appear that the initial focus on underserved neighborhoods is still a requirement, as the 2019 Program Guidelines do not include this. 49 Funding Information: Rafael P{\'e}rez‐Escamilla was partially supported by the Cooperative Agreement Number 5 U48DP006380‐02‐00 funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Prevention Research Center Program through a grant to the Yale School of Public Health (PI Rafael P{\'e}rez‐Escamilla). Funding Information: In the United States, the Sunday Streets San Francisco program, an Open Streets initiative that started in 2008, showed increased physical activity levels for residents in low‐income areas. Building on this success, San Francisco along with eight other US sites piloted play streets in 2013 to increase youth physical activity on weekends. Initial funding from the Partnership for a Healthier America, coupled with positive research results from that pilot, have prompted widespread support for play streets from across the city, including neighborhood leadership and the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency. 47 46 Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors. Obesity Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Obesity Federation.",
year = "2021",
month = jun,
doi = "10.1111/obr.13247",
language = "English",
volume = "22",
journal = "Obesity Reviews",
issn = "1467-7881",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd",
number = "S3",
}