TY - JOUR
T1 - Production of trihalomethanes, haloacetaldehydes and haloacetonitriles during chlorination of microcystin-LR and impacts of pre-oxidation on their formation
AU - Chu, Wenhai
AU - Yao, Dechang
AU - Deng, Yang
AU - Sui, Minghao
AU - Gao, Naiyun
PY - 2017/1/1
Y1 - 2017/1/1
N2 - Microcystins (MCs) in drinking water have gained much attention due to their adverse health effects. However, little is known about the impact of pre-oxidation in the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) during the downstream chlorination of MCs. The present study examined the formation of both carbonaceous and nitrogenous DBPs from chlorination of MC-LR (the most abundant MC species) and evaluated the impact of permanganate (PM), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) pre-oxidation on the DBP formation in chlorination. Higher yields of chloroform (CF) (maximum 43.0%) were observed from chlorination of MC-LR than free amino acids which are included in MC-LR structure. Chloral hydrate (CH) and dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) were also produced from the chlorination of MC-LR, and the latter one was formed probably due to the chlorination of peptide bonds. A high pH favored the production of CF and CH, but inhibited the formation of DCAN. In the presence of bromide, bromo-DBPs could be produced to pose a threat. For example, 0.58 μg/L of tribromoacetaldehyde was produced from the chlorination of MC-LR at Br−= 200 μg/L. PM and ClO2pre-oxidation could both reduce the DBP formation from MC-LR. In contrast, H2O2appeared not to significantly control the DBP formation.
AB - Microcystins (MCs) in drinking water have gained much attention due to their adverse health effects. However, little is known about the impact of pre-oxidation in the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) during the downstream chlorination of MCs. The present study examined the formation of both carbonaceous and nitrogenous DBPs from chlorination of MC-LR (the most abundant MC species) and evaluated the impact of permanganate (PM), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chlorine dioxide (ClO2) pre-oxidation on the DBP formation in chlorination. Higher yields of chloroform (CF) (maximum 43.0%) were observed from chlorination of MC-LR than free amino acids which are included in MC-LR structure. Chloral hydrate (CH) and dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) were also produced from the chlorination of MC-LR, and the latter one was formed probably due to the chlorination of peptide bonds. A high pH favored the production of CF and CH, but inhibited the formation of DCAN. In the presence of bromide, bromo-DBPs could be produced to pose a threat. For example, 0.58 μg/L of tribromoacetaldehyde was produced from the chlorination of MC-LR at Br−= 200 μg/L. PM and ClO2pre-oxidation could both reduce the DBP formation from MC-LR. In contrast, H2O2appeared not to significantly control the DBP formation.
KW - Chlorine dioxide
KW - Disinfection by-products
KW - Haloacetaldehydes
KW - Hydrogen peroxide
KW - Microcystin-LR
KW - Permanganate
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85008400435&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.12.058
DO - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.12.058
M3 - Article
C2 - 28064143
AN - SCOPUS:85008400435
SN - 0304-3894
VL - 327
SP - 153
EP - 160
JO - Journal of Hazardous Materials
JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials
ER -