Retirement Planning: A Moderated Mediation Model of Cognitive Beliefs, Retirement Planning Attitude, and Money Availability

Retirement planning has been extensively studied in developed countries; however, it has received scant scholarly attention in developing nations. This study examines the role of cognitive factors associated with retirement planning intentions in the context of a developing country, focusing on financial risk tolerance and self-efficacy within the cognitive appraisal theory framework, considering the mediating role of retirement planning attitudes and the moderating impact of financial resource availability. Data collected from surveys of 301 adults in Dhaka, Bangladesh were analyzed using a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. Findings revealed that retirement planning attitudes mediate the relationship between cognitive factors and retirement planning intentions. Interestingly, risk tolerance negatively impacts retirement planning intentions through attitudes, while financial self-efficacy shows a positive influence. Furthermore, the availability of financial resources moderates these relationships, indicating that retirement planning attitudes significantly influence intentions when financial resource availability is low. This research contributes to the understanding of retirement planning in a developing country context, highlighting the importance of cognitive factors and financial resources. Tailored retirement planning strategies should consider individual financial conditions and cognitive beliefs. The insights are valuable for policymakers and financial advisors, particularly in developing nations.