Sexuality education

Sexuality education comprises the lifelong intentional processes by which people learn about themselves and others as sexual, gendered beings from biological, psychological, and sociocultural perspectives. It takes place through a potentially wide range of programs and activities in schools, community settings, and religious centers, as well as informally within families, among peers, and through electronic and other media. Sexuality education for adolescents occurs in the context of biological, cognitive, and social–emotional developmental progressions and issues of adolescence. Formal sexuality education falls into two main categories: behavior change approaches, represented by abstinence-only and abstinence-plus models, and healthy sexual development approaches, represented by comprehensive sexuality education models. Evaluations of program effectiveness, largely based on the outcomes of behavior change models, provide strong evidence that abstinence-only programs are ineffective, and mixed evidence on the effectiveness of programs that include contraception and safer sex. Newer work provides evidence for programs across a wider variety of topics beyond pregnancy and disease. There is a particularly strong need for sexuality education among traditionally underserved youth, including sexual minorities, youth with disabilities, and those in foster care.