TY - JOUR
T1 - Skin Deep
T2 - Enhanced Variable May Help Explain Racial Disparities in Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes
AU - Lo, Celia C.
AU - Lara, Joanna
AU - Cheng, Tyrone
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017, The Author(s).
PY - 2017/8/1
Y1 - 2017/8/1
N2 - Introduction: The study refined definitions of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes (Pre-/T2D) via its four-category outcome variable. Respondents were identified as Pre-/T2D on the basis of (a) doctor’s diagnosis only (i.e., managed Pre-/T2D); (b) biomarker only (i.e., undiagnosed Pre-/T2D); or (c) both diagnosis and biomarker (i.e., unmanaged Pre-/T2D). The reference was Pre-/T2D not indicated. We linked the outcome to social structural and social support factors, health care-related factors, mental disorder, and lifestyle variables, for each racial/ethnic group. Methods: We used the 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys to measure the four-category outcome and examine race/ethnicity’s role in explaining the outcome. Results: We found Pre-/T2D to be associated with age, BMI, physical activity, income, education, receiving health services, and other factors. A moderating role for race/ethnicity was also confirmed. Conclusion: The racial disparities observed in our three main categories generally resulted from high levels of undiagnosed Pre-/T2D and high levels of diagnosed but unmanaged Pre-T2D. Race/ethnicity’s moderating role generally indicated that, through the factors BMI, age, and receiving health services, minority status (with its attendant disadvantages) could facilitate undiagnosed Pre-/T2D as well as Pre-/T2D indicated concurrently by diagnosis and biomarker.
AB - Introduction: The study refined definitions of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes (Pre-/T2D) via its four-category outcome variable. Respondents were identified as Pre-/T2D on the basis of (a) doctor’s diagnosis only (i.e., managed Pre-/T2D); (b) biomarker only (i.e., undiagnosed Pre-/T2D); or (c) both diagnosis and biomarker (i.e., unmanaged Pre-/T2D). The reference was Pre-/T2D not indicated. We linked the outcome to social structural and social support factors, health care-related factors, mental disorder, and lifestyle variables, for each racial/ethnic group. Methods: We used the 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys to measure the four-category outcome and examine race/ethnicity’s role in explaining the outcome. Results: We found Pre-/T2D to be associated with age, BMI, physical activity, income, education, receiving health services, and other factors. A moderating role for race/ethnicity was also confirmed. Conclusion: The racial disparities observed in our three main categories generally resulted from high levels of undiagnosed Pre-/T2D and high levels of diagnosed but unmanaged Pre-T2D. Race/ethnicity’s moderating role generally indicated that, through the factors BMI, age, and receiving health services, minority status (with its attendant disadvantages) could facilitate undiagnosed Pre-/T2D as well as Pre-/T2D indicated concurrently by diagnosis and biomarker.
KW - Biomarker
KW - Multiple disadvantage model
KW - Racial disparities
KW - Type 2 diabetes and prediabetes (Pre-/T2D)
KW - Undiagnosed Pre-/T2D
KW - Unmanaged Pre-/T2D
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85027004414&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s13300-017-0278-z
DO - 10.1007/s13300-017-0278-z
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85027004414
SN - 1869-6953
VL - 8
SP - 837
EP - 850
JO - Diabetes Therapy
JF - Diabetes Therapy
IS - 4
ER -