Understanding Family Dynamics in Mixed-Status Families: A Qualitative Interpretive Meta-Synthesis

In the United States, mixed-status families, where at least one member lacks legal immigration status, face persistent challenges related to deportation, which disrupt family stability, influence parental practices and impact children's identity formation. This qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis examines how parental undocumented status shapes family relationships, parental status disclosure strategies and children's coping mechanisms. Findings from 18 qualitative studies reveal that parental undocumented status forces children into protective roles, while parents struggle with how and when to disclose legal status. Many families rely on cultural values, faith-based resilience and community support to navigate legal precarity. Children develop hybrid identities, balancing cultural pride with the need to conceal their undocumented status to avoid stigma. Legal preparedness, including power of attorney, emerges as a crucial strategy for mitigating the risks of family separation. This study underscores the need for trauma-informed, culturally responsive interventions in schools, social services and community organizations. Practitioners should support open family communication, provide legal preparedness education and offer mental health resources. Addressing these challenges through policy and practice can help mixed-status families navigate systemic barriers while fostering stability and resilience.